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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Guided Endodontics: Three-Dimensional Planning and Template-Aided Preparation of Endodontic Access Cavities
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Endodontic Considerations in Three-canalled Premolars: A Practical Update.

Zahed Mohammadi1, Sousan Shalavi2, Luciano Giardino3

  • 1Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; ; Iranian National Elites Foundation, Tehran, Iran;

Iranian Endodontic Journal
|May 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Three-canalled premolars present unique challenges in root canal treatment due to complex tooth anatomy. This review covers their diagnosis, preparation, and obturation for successful endodontic therapy.

Keywords:
Mandibular PremolarsMaxillary PremolarsMini-MolarsRoot Canal AnatomyThree-Canalled Premolars

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Endodontics
  • Dental Anatomy

Background:

  • Complex tooth anatomy poses challenges in endodontic treatment.
  • Three-canalled premolars, also known as mini-molars, are variations requiring specific clinical considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, diagnosis, and management of three-canalled premolars in orthograde root canal treatment.
  • To consolidate information on racial predisposition, access cavity preparation, instrumentation, and obturation techniques for these teeth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on three-canalled maxillary and mandibular premolars.
  • Analysis of clinical and radiographic diagnostic methods.
  • Synthesis of information on endodontic treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Three-canalled premolars occur in both maxillary and mandibular arches.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.
  • Specific techniques are needed for access cavity preparation, instrumentation, and obturation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the anatomy and variations of three-canalled premolars is essential for successful endodontic outcomes.
  • Further research may be needed to refine treatment protocols for these challenging teeth.