A novel anatomical ceramic root canal simulator for endodontic training

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Education
• Endodontics

Background:

• Endodontic therapy presents significant technical challenges.
• Developing effective training models is crucial for dental education.
• Existing models may not fully replicate natural tooth complexities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a reproducible biomimetic root canal model.
• To facilitate pre-clinical and postgraduate endodontic training.
• To simulate natural root canal morphology and properties.

Main Methods:

• A ceramic shaping technique (3D printing, slip casting) using a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based matrix was employed.
• Ceramic simulators (CS) were characterized for microstructure, porosity, and microhardness, comparing them to natural dentin.
• Reproducibility of root canal shapes was evaluated using the Dice-Sørensen similarity index.

Main Results:

• The ceramic simulators exhibited properties similar to natural dental roots, including HAp composition, porosity (20%), pore size (3.4 ± 2.6 μm), and hardness (120.3 ± 18.4 HV).
• The model successfully reproduced tooth radio-opacity and root canal morphological variations.
• Endodontic treatments on the CS provided good tactile sensation and suitable radiological behavior.

Conclusions:

• A novel, anatomically accurate root canal simulator was successfully developed.
• The ceramic simulator demonstrates biomimetic properties suitable for endodontic training.
• This model is well-suited for training dental students in endodontic procedures.