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Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
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Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing
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Immunoglobulin Classification Using the Colored Antibody Graph.

Stefano R Bonissone1, Pavel A Pevzner2

  • 11 Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San diego , La Jolla, California.

Journal of Computational Biology : a Journal of Computational Molecular Cell Biology
|May 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel de Bruijn graph algorithm for accurately labeling antibody gene segments (V, D, and J) within antibody repertoires. This method improves upon sequential alignment techniques for analyzing antibody diversity.

Keywords:
antibody repertoire analysisde Bruijn graphimmunoglobulin classification

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • B-cell antibody production relies on the somatic recombination of V, D, and J gene segments, generating significant diversity.
  • Antibody repertoire analysis aims to identify favored V, D, and J gene segments for specific antigens.
  • Accurate VDJ gene segment labeling is crucial for characterizing antibody repertoires but is challenging due to somatic recombination and hypermutation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a new computational algorithm for precise VDJ gene segment labeling in antibody repertoire analysis.
  • To address the limitations of traditional sequential alignment methods in characterizing antibody diversity.

Main Methods:

  • A novel de Bruijn graph-based algorithm was developed for VDJ gene segment identification.
  • The performance of the new algorithm was benchmarked against existing methods.

Main Results:

  • The de Bruijn graph approach offers an effective method for VDJ labeling.
  • The algorithm demonstrates improved performance in repertoire analysis compared to sequential alignments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed de Bruijn graph algorithm provides a robust solution for accurate VDJ labeling in antibody repertoire studies.
  • This advancement facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of antibody diversity and antigen-specific responses.