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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

43
A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Phase Transitions02:31

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

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Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
Consider the electromagnetic wave passing through a dielectric medium. In such a case, Maxwell's equations get modified. In Ampere's law, ε0 , the dielectric permittivity of free space is replaced with ε, the permittivity of dielectric. Also, the vacuum permeability μ0 is replaced by the permeability of the medium, μ.
Furthermore,...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.9K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Coherence-Driven Topological Transition in Quantum Metamaterials.

Pankaj K Jha1, Michael Mrejen1, Jeongmin Kim1

  • 1NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), 3112 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 7, 2016
PubMed
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We developed a defect-free quantum metamaterial using ultracold atoms in a light crystal. This enables ultrafast optical control over topological transitions for enhanced quantum applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Conventional solid-state platforms face challenges like defects and limited control.
  • Quantum metamaterials offer novel ways to manipulate light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and theoretically demonstrate a novel quantum metamaterial immune to defects.
  • To achieve ultrafast, all-optical control over topological transitions in a quantum metamaterial.
  • To enable dynamic manipulation of quantum emitter decay rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing dense ultracold neutral atoms loaded into a defect-free artificial crystal of light.
  • Implementing all-optical control for ultrafast manipulation of photonic topological transitions.
  • Investigating the dynamic manipulation of a probe quantum emitter's decay rate branching ratio.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a quantum metamaterial free from conventional solid-state defects.
  • Achieved ultrafast, all-optical control over the topological transition of the isofrequency contour.
  • Showcased dynamic manipulation of decay rate branching ratio by over an order of magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed atomic lattice quantum metamaterial offers a robust platform for quantum technologies.
  • Potential for practically lossless, tunable, and topologically reconfigurable quantum metamaterials.
  • Enables advanced applications in quantum sensing, information processing, and simulations.