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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

814
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
814
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

722
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
722
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

697
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
697
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

631
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
631
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

537
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
537
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

591
Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Update in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

C R Mejía Chew1, S Alcolea Batres2, J J Ríos Blanco1

  • 1Grupo Hipertensión Pulmonar La Paz (GRUHPAZ), Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.

Revista Clinica Espanola
|May 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease affecting pulmonary arterioles. Recent guidelines suggest initial combination therapy may be beneficial for PAH patients, moving beyond traditional sequential drug approaches.

Keywords:
Antagonista del receptor de endotelinaAnálagos de prostaciclinaEndothelin receptor antagonistHipertensión arterial pulmonarHipertensión pulmonarInhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa tipo 5Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitorsProstacyclin analoguesPulmonary arterial hypertensionPulmonary hypertensionReviewRevisión

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Hemodynamic Characterization of Rodent Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease impacting pulmonary arterioles.
  • Prevalence in Spain is estimated at 16 cases per million for PAH.
  • Diagnosis relies on specific hemodynamic criteria via right cardiac catheterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a critical update on Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
  • To review the latest guidelines and recommendations for PAH management.
  • To highlight shifts in therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current European guidelines for PAH.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including hemodynamic parameters.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies, contrasting sequential vs. initial combination therapy.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) diagnosis requires specific hemodynamic criteria.
  • Sequential monotherapy has been standard practice.
  • Recent European guidelines advocate for initial combination therapy in select PAH cases.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) management is evolving.
  • Initial combination therapy is increasingly recommended over sequential treatment.
  • Adherence to updated guidelines is crucial for optimal PAH patient outcomes.