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Related Concept Videos

Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Feedback Inhibition00:46

Feedback Inhibition

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Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
08:55

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

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An inhibitory corticostriatal pathway.

Crystal Rock1, Hector Zurita1, Charles Wilson1

  • 1Department of Biology, Neurosciences Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, United States.

Elife
|May 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cortex sends inhibitory signals to the dorsal striatum via GABAergic projections. This study reveals a novel long-range inhibitory circuit controlling spiny projection neuron (SPN) activity in the striatum.

Keywords:
CS-SOM neuronsauditorycorticostriataldSPNsiSPNsinhibitionmotor cortexmouseneuroscience

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Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

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Electrophysiological Investigations of Retinogeniculate and Corticogeniculate Synapse Function
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Corticostriatal circuitry
  • Synaptic transmission

Background:

  • The dorsal striatum is traditionally viewed as receiving only excitatory input from the cortex.
  • The role of inhibitory cortical projections to the striatum remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and function of GABAergic projections from the cortex to the dorsal striatum.
  • To elucidate the impact of these projections on spiny projection neuron (SPN) activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optogenetics to directly stimulate and assess the effects of cortical GABAergic inputs.
  • Examined functional connectivity in spiny projection neurons (SPNs) within the mouse auditory and motor cortex.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the cortex exerts a direct inhibitory influence on striatal SPNs through corticostriatal somatostatin neurons (CS-SOM).
  • Identified a novel long-range inhibitory circuit involving CS-SOM projections to striatal SPNs.

Conclusions:

  • The cortex directly inhibits striatal SPNs via a CS-SOM mediated pathway.
  • This finding reveals a new mechanism for controlling spike timing and generation in SPNs and highlights the role of specific cortical interneurons in corticostriatal communication.