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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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HASHIMOTO'S ENCEPHALOPATHY AS A RARE MANIFESTATION OF HYPOTHYROIDISM.

K J Pak1, U Rahim1, J Romano1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana.

The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society : Official Organ of the Louisiana State Medical Society
|May 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hashimoto's Encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological condition linked to thyroid antibodies. Early recognition is key, as it responds well to steroid treatment despite variable symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hashimoto's Encephalopathy (HE) is a rare neurological disorder.
  • It is characterized by elevated serum antithyroid antibody concentrations.
  • HE is known to be steroid-responsive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key features of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by its variable presentation.
  • To underscore the importance of recognizing HE for timely treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy cases.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic markers.
  • Review of treatment outcomes with corticosteroids.

Main Results:

  • Hashimoto's Encephalopathy presents with a wide range of neurological symptoms.
  • Elevated antithyroid antibodies are a consistent finding.
  • Steroid therapy often leads to significant improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Hashimoto's Encephalopathy is an important, albeit rare, cause of encephalopathy.
  • Variable clinical manifestations can delay diagnosis.
  • Prompt identification and treatment with steroids are crucial for favorable outcomes.