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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
670
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
868
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

762
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

792
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
792
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

610
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Atrial fibrillation.

Gregory Y H Lip1,2, Laurent Fauchier3, Saul B Freedman4

  • 1University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|May 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common heart rhythm disorder, increases with age and comorbidities, raising stroke risk. This primer covers AF epidemiology, diagnosis, and management strategies, including stroke prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia.
  • Prevalence increases with age and cardiovascular comorbidities.
  • AF poses significant risks, including stroke, and impacts quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of atrial fibrillation.
  • To detail current understanding of AF epidemiology, mechanisms, and pathophysiology.
  • To outline contemporary diagnosis, screening, prevention, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent developments in AF clinical epidemiology and management.
  • Consideration of established and emerging treatment modalities.
  • Inclusion of quality of life aspects and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • AF is characterized by rapid, irregular heartbeat, potentially asymptomatic or symptomatic.
  • Key management includes stroke prevention, rate control, and rhythm control.
  • Recent advancements inform current approaches to AF care.

Conclusions:

  • This primer offers a thorough resource on atrial fibrillation.
  • It emphasizes a multifaceted approach to managing AF, from prevention to quality of life.
  • Future developments and ongoing trials are highlighted for continued progress in AF management.