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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
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Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Evolution of replication machines.

Nina Y Yao1, Mike E O'Donnell1,2

  • 1a DNA Replication Laboratory, The Rockefeller University , New York , NY , USA and.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|May 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication machinery varies significantly across life's domains, unlike translation and transcription. This review compares key proteins in bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic DNA replication to understand evolutionary divergence.

Keywords:
Clamp loaderDNA helicaseDNA polymeraseDNA replicationLUCAevolutionprimasereplisomesliding clamp

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • All cells rely on DNA replication, transcription, and translation for genetic information.
  • Translation and transcription machinery show homology across bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.
  • DNA replication machinery exhibits significant divergence between bacteria and archaea/eukarya.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and contrast the central proteins of the DNA replication machinery (replisome) in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.
  • To investigate the evolutionary history and divergence of DNA replication apparatus.
  • To understand the shared and unique components of DNA replication across different domains of life.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of central replisome proteins.
  • Review of existing literature on DNA replication machinery.
  • Examination of homologous and non-homologous components across domains of life.

Main Results:

  • While some DNA replication components are homologous across all domains, most are not.
  • Significant differences exist in the replication machinery between bacteria and archaea/eukarya.
  • Homology is observed in some core replication proteins, but overall complexity and composition vary.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of DNA replication machinery is complex, with varying degrees of conservation and divergence.
  • Understanding these differences provides insights into the early evolution of life and the divergence of cellular mechanisms.
  • The distinct replication systems highlight unique evolutionary trajectories in bacteria versus archaea and eukarya.