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Shape determinants of McLeod acanthocytes.

J K Khodadad1, R S Weinstein, L W Marsh

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois 60612.

The Journal of Membrane Biology
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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McLeod erythrocytes exhibit a spiculated shape due to membrane lipid bilayer imbalance. Chlorpromazine treatment normalizes McLeod cell shape, supporting the bilayer couple hypothesis and ruling out band 3 protein defects.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • McLeod erythrocytes present a characteristic spiculated morphology.
  • The underlying cause of this spiculation has been hypothesized to involve membrane lipid asymmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind the spiculated shape of McLeod erythrocytes.
  • To test the bilayer couple hypothesis in McLeod cell membrane.
  • To assess the role of band 3 protein in McLeod erythrocyte morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Scanning electron microscopy of normal and McLeod erythrocytes treated with varying chlorpromazine concentrations.
  • Freeze fracture and rotary shadowing to analyze intramembrane particle (IMP) density.
  • Quantification of IMPs on protoplasmic and exoplasmic fracture faces.

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Main Results:

  • Chlorpromazine induced negative curvature (stomatocytosis) in normal erythrocytes.
  • McLeod erythrocytes, initially spiculated, became biconcave and then stomatocytic upon chlorpromazine treatment.
  • No significant difference in IMP numerical density was observed between normal and McLeod erythrocytes.

Conclusions:

  • The spiculation of McLeod erythrocytes is likely due to an imbalance in the surface area of the membrane's lipid leaflets (bilayer couple effect).
  • There is no evidence of band 3 protein derangement in McLeod erythrocytes.
  • Chlorpromazine's effect on McLeod cell shape supports the proposed mechanism.