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Effect of smoking on multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis
Jalal Poorolajal1, Masoud Bahrami2, Manoochehr Karami3
1Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England)
|May 11, 2016
Summary
Smoking significantly increases the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), with current smokers facing the highest risk. This meta-analysis confirms a dose-response relationship between smoking and MS development.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Smoking is a known risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Previous research lacked detailed information on different smoking habits and their dose-response relationship with MS.
- This meta-analysis aimed to address these knowledge gaps.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between various smoking habits and multiple sclerosis (MS).
- To determine the dose-response relationship between smoking intensity (pack-years) and MS risk.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of smoking's impact on MS through meta-analysis.
Main Methods:
- Searched major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) up to July 2015.
- Included epidemiological studies on smoking and MS.
- Analyzed data using random effects models, assessing heterogeneity and publication bias.
Main Results:
- Included 34 studies with 623,852 participants.
- Ever smokers had a 1.46-fold increased risk of MS (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.33-1.59).
- Current smokers showed a 1.57-fold increased risk (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.34-1.80), and a dose-response relationship was observed with pack-years.
Conclusions:
- Smoking habits are significantly associated with an increased risk of MS.
- A clear dose-response relationship exists between smoking intensity and MS risk.
- Public health initiatives should emphasize smoking cessation to mitigate MS risk.
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