[Diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal fibrosis]

Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of the posterior abdominal cavity. Hydronephrosis due to extrinsic compression of the ureter is the most frequent complication of the disease, which is why patients are often treated by urologists.On the basis of checklists the most important and fundamental facts of diagnosis (symptoms, hydronephrosis, laboratory parameters, diagnostic radiology, histology, renal function and measuring disease activity) and therapy (goals of therapy, medical and surgical therapy) are presented.