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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Overview
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

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Tissue Tregs.

Marisella Panduro1,2,3, Christophe Benoist1,2,3, Diane Mathis1,2,3

  • 1Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; email: mpandurosicheva@fas.harvard.edu , cb@hms.harvard.edu , dm@hms.harvard.edu.

Annual Review of Immunology
|May 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) defend against microbes and maintain homeostasis. This review highlights tissue-resident Tregs in fat, muscle, and gut, exploring their unique roles and general principles.

Keywords:
adipose tissuemetabolismmicrobiotamucosal immunologyskeletal muscletissue repair

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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
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Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The immune system defends against pathogens and maintains organismal homeostasis.
  • Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for both immune defense and homeostasis.
  • Tregs in lymphoid organs primarily handle defense, while tissue-resident Tregs maintain homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics and functions of tissue-resident Tregs.
  • To explore Tregs in visceral adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and colonic lamina propria.
  • To distill general principles of tissue Treg biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on tissue-resident Tregs.
  • Analysis of phenotype, function, and sustaining factors of specific Treg populations.
  • Comparison of tissue Tregs across different organs and species.

Main Results:

  • Detailed characterization of Tregs in visceral adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and colonic lamina propria.
  • Identification of human equivalents for key tissue Treg populations.
  • Emerging principles regarding Treg origin, local adaptation, and molecular regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue-resident Tregs play distinct roles in maintaining organ homeostasis.
  • Understanding tissue Treg biology offers insights into metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
  • Further research into tissue Tregs can reveal novel therapeutic targets.