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Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Approaches in Pharmacy Education.

Lindsay C Martin1, Krista L Donohoe2, David A Holdford2

  • 1Bon Secours Memorial Regional Medical Center, Mechanicsville, Virginia.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|May 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pharmacy education should equip students with diverse problem-solving skills, not just a generic approach. Identifying specific problems and applying the correct method is crucial for future pharmacists.

Keywords:
CAPE outcomesdecision-makingpharmacy educationproblem-solving

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Problem-Solving Methodologies

Background:

  • The Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) 2013 Educational Outcomes emphasize problem-solving skills for pharmacy students.
  • However, the CAPE Outcomes do not specify the types of problems or approaches required.
  • Current pharmacy curricula may not adequately prepare students for the diverse problem-solving needs in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze different problem-solving approaches within a pharmacy curriculum.
  • To evaluate the applicability of a generic problem-solving process across various pharmacy decision types.
  • To advocate for explicit inclusion of diverse problem-solving strategies in pharmacy education.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of five core problem-solving approaches in pharmacy education: clinical, ethical, managerial, economic, and legal.
  • Comparative analysis of these approaches to determine a universal problem-solving process.
  • Assessment of the effectiveness of generic versus specific problem-solving strategies.

Main Results:

  • While similarities exist across problem-solving approaches, a single generic process may not be universally effective for all pharmacy-related issues.
  • Successful problem resolution depends on accurately identifying the problem and selecting the most appropriate approach.
  • Pharmacy curricula need to explicitly address the importance and application of multiple problem-solving methods.

Conclusions:

  • Future pharmacists require a repertoire of problem-solving skills to navigate the complexities of modern healthcare.
  • Pharmacy education should move beyond a one-size-fits-all problem-solving model.
  • Explicitly teaching and differentiating various problem-solving approaches is essential for competent practice.