The All-Age Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Potential Transmission Routes. A Population-Based Study

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Microbiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Previous H. pylori epidemiology research predominantly focused on adults.
• Limited data exists on H. pylori prevalence across all age groups, including children and adolescents.
• Understanding transmission routes is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate H. pylori prevalence in children, adolescents, and adults.
• To identify potential transmission routes of H. pylori infection.
• To compare prevalence across different age demographics and geographic settings.

Main Methods:

• Stool samples were collected for H. pylori antigen detection across all age groups.
• Questionnaires gathered data on gastrointestinal symptoms, lifestyle, and biometrics from adults and adolescents.
• Study population recruited from urban and rural communities in Northern Norway.

Main Results:

• H. pylori prevalence was 0.6% in children (0-11 years), 20% in adolescents (12-17 years), and peaked at 45% in adults (≥18 years).
• A total of 1,624 subjects participated, with response rates of 39.3% for children, 19.2% for adolescents, and 36.1% for adults.
• Univariate analysis suggested associations with private well water, outhouse toilets, and childhood farm animal contact, though these weakened in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:

• H. pylori transmission can initiate in childhood and adolescence, not solely in adulthood.
• Factors such as outdoor toilet use, private well water, and farm animal exposure may facilitate H. pylori transmission.
• Findings highlight the importance of considering diverse age groups and environmental factors in H. pylori epidemiology.