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To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities
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Emergency EPR dosimetry technique using vacuum-stored dry nails.

S Sholom1, S W S McKeever1

  • 1Radiation Dosimetry Group, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.

Radiation Measurements
|May 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Human nails can serve as emergency dosimeters. Storing nails in a vacuum after irradiation preserves radiation signals, enabling accurate dose reconstruction for radiation accidents.

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Radiation Dosimetry

Background:

  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a sensitive technique for detecting unpaired electrons.
  • Nails contain keratin, a material that can trap radicals upon exposure to ionizing radiation.
  • Previous studies explored EPR dosimetry using biological samples, but nail stability under various storage conditions requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the stability of radiation-induced EPR signals in human fingernails and toenails under different storage conditions.
  • To develop and validate a novel dosimetry protocol for emergency radiation dose assessment using human nails.

Main Methods:

  • Human finger and toenail samples were subjected to X-band EPR analysis.
  • Samples were stored under various conditions, including vacuum and room temperature, post-irradiation.

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  • The stability of the radiation-induced EPR signal at g=2.005 was assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • The primary radiation-induced EPR signal at g=2.005 exhibited significant stability when samples were stored in a vacuum at room temperature after irradiation.
    • The proposed dosimetry protocol successfully recovered radiation doses in the 0-10 Gy range.
    • Estimated uncertainties were approximately 0.3-0.4 Gy for doses below 2 Gy and 0.6-0.7 Gy for doses between 5-10 Gy.

    Conclusions:

    • Human nails, when stored appropriately post-irradiation, can be utilized as effective emergency dosimeters.
    • The developed protocol offers a reliable method for retrospective radiation dose assessment in emergency situations.
    • Vacuum storage at room temperature is crucial for maintaining signal integrity in nail dosimetry.