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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Dorsal and ventral language pathways in persistent developmental stuttering.

Vered Kronfeld-Duenias1, Ofer Amir2, Ruth Ezrati-Vinacour2

  • 1The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|May 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent developmental stuttering, a speech disorder, is linked to structural differences in the brain's dorsal language pathways, not the ventral ones. This suggests stuttering may involve auditory-articulatory processing impairments.

Keywords:
Diffusion imagingLanguage pathwaysStutteringTractographyWhite matter

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Persistent developmental stuttering is a speech disorder affecting fluency.
  • The role of language impairment in stuttering, and specific language pathways involved, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neuroanatomical differences in dorsal and ventral language pathways in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to fluent controls.
  • To determine if stuttering is associated with impairments in specific language processing streams.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and individualized tract identification.
  • Examined white matter volumes and diffusion properties of dorsal and ventral language tracts.
  • Quantified diffusion properties along tracts to analyze group differences.

Main Results:

  • Found significant differences in the dorsal language pathways, but not the ventral pathways.
  • Adults who stutter exhibited reduced left dorsal stream volume and lower right dorsal stream anisotropy.
  • No significant differences were observed in the ventral language pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Results provide neuroanatomical evidence supporting the involvement of dorsal language pathways in stuttering.
  • Suggests stuttering may stem from impaired bidirectional mapping between auditory and articulatory cortices (dorsal stream).
  • Indicates that lexical access and semantic processing (ventral stream) are less likely to be the primary cause of stuttering.