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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
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The Nucleus01:25

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The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
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Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

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The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles,...
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The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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The Nucleolus02:55

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The protozoan nucleus.

Richard McCulloch1, Miguel Navarro2

  • 1The Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davis Building, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology
|May 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The eukaryotic nucleus, a defining feature, likely evolved from archaeal ancestors via membrane elaboration, not symbiosis. Its complex structures are crucial for genome functions and pathogen biology.

Keywords:
ChromosomeDNA replicationExpression site bodyGene expressionMitosisNuclear envelopeNucleolusNucleus

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The nucleus is a defining organelle of eukaryotic cells, distinguishing them from prokaryotes.
  • Its evolutionary origin is debated, but it appears to have arisen from cell membrane elaboration in archaeal ancestors.
  • Nuclear structures are integral to eukaryotic genome functions like DNA replication, segregation, and gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the complexity of nuclear substructures in protozoan eukaryotes.
  • To highlight divergent nuclear features in eukaryotic parasites.
  • To illuminate general nuclear functions and specialized adaptations in pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of nuclear structures and functions.
  • Focus on protozoan eukaryotes and parasitic species.
  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.

Main Results:

  • The nucleus likely evolved through cell membrane elaboration from an archaeal ancestor.
  • Complex nuclear substructures are intimately linked with genome functions.
  • Eukaryotic parasites exhibit specialized nuclear features that are key to their biology.

Conclusions:

  • The nucleus's unique evolutionary path and complex structures are fundamental to eukaryotic life.
  • Studying divergent nuclear features in parasites offers insights into broader eukaryotic nuclear biology.
  • Nuclear specializations in pathogens are critical for understanding and combating infectious diseases.