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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

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fMRI-constrained source analysis reveals early top-down modulations of interference processing using a flanker task.

Julia Siemann1, Manfred Herrmann1, Daniela Galashan1

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Center for Cognitive Sciences (ZKW), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Center for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.

Neuroimage
|May 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study combined EEG and fMRI to investigate attentional cueing effects on conflict processing. Findings reveal distinct neural activity patterns in visual areas and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) depending on cue validity and stimulus congruency.

Keywords:
ACCEarly selectionLate selectionN200Source analysisSpatial attentionfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Human Brain Activity

Background:

  • Conflict processing is typically evoked by incongruent flanker stimuli.
  • Selective attention can modulate conflict processing, but underlying neural mechanisms require further investigation.
  • Combining electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers high temporal and spatial resolution for studying brain activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reinvestigate behavioral effects of attentional cueing on conflict processing.
  • To disentangle neuronal activity patterns using EEG and fMRI.
  • To examine spatio-temporal dynamics of cued flanker processing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a combination of EEG and fMRI in 20 participants.
  • Acquired data in separate sessions for each modality.
  • Employed fMRI-constrained source analysis to examine spatio-temporal dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Early ERP differences in flanker processing were observed based on cue validity.
  • Valid cueing showed a centro-parietal positivity for incongruent stimuli during the N200 window.
  • Invalid cueing revealed fronto-central negativity, with ACC involvement in conflict detection and monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional cueing modulates conflict processing through distinct neural mechanisms.
  • Visual areas are involved in conflict processing under valid cueing.
  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a crucial role in processing interference under invalid cueing.