Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

77.3K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
77.3K
What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

65.7K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
65.7K
Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter01:26

Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter

5.6K
The accurate values of population parameters such as population proportion, population mean, and population standard deviation (or variance) are usually unknown. These are fixed values that can only be estimated from the data collected from the samples. The estimates of each of these parameters are sample proportion, the sample mean, and sample standard deviation (or variance). To obtain the values of these sample statistics, data are required that have particular distribution and central...
5.6K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

65.7K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
65.7K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

7.3K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
7.3K
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

45.0K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
45.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Allele Frequencies at Recessive Disease Genes are Mainly Determined by Pleiotropic Effects in Heterozygotes.

Genetics·2026
Same author

An education with audit and targeted feedback intervention to de-implement preoperative surgical urine cultures: a multi-center quasi-experimental study.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2026
Same author

Replaying germinal center evolution on a quantified affinity landscape.

Cell·2026
Same author

Tree reconstruction guarantees from CRISPR-Cas9 lineage tracing data using Neighbor-Joining.

Genome research·2026
Same author

Buffering of gene dosage response curves for human complex traits.

Cell genomics·2026
Same author

Hypervariable loop profiling decodes sequence determinants of antibody stability.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.0K

Two-Locus Likelihoods Under Variable Population Size and Fine-Scale Recombination Rate Estimation.

John A Kamm1, Jeffrey P Spence2, Jeffrey Chan3

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.

Genetics
|May 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

New methods accurately estimate fine-scale recombination rates by accounting for population size changes. This improves accuracy in genetic studies, especially after population bottlenecks and growth.

Keywords:
coalescent with recombinationimportance samplingsampling probabilitytwo-locus Moran model

More Related Videos

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

19.1K
Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR
06:18

Frequency and Distribution of Crossovers in Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis by SNP Genotyping using Real-time PCR

Published on: July 11, 2025

1.0K
Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization
13:55

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

Published on: February 3, 2013

19.1K
Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Computational Biology
  • Statistical Genetics

Background:

  • Estimating fine-scale recombination rates is crucial for genetic studies.
  • Current methods often assume constant population size, leading to biased estimates with historical population changes.
  • Two-locus sampling probabilities are key to recombination rate estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop methods to compute sampling probabilities under variable population sizes.
  • Improve the accuracy of fine-scale recombination rate estimation.
  • Implement these methods in a new software package, LDpop.

Main Methods:

  • Developed novel formulas for sampling probabilities with piecewise constant population sizes.
  • Utilized numerical matrix exponentiation for exact formula evaluation.
  • Implemented an approximate formula for scalability to larger sample sizes.
  • Incorporated an importance sampler for two-locus genealogies.

Main Results:

  • The LDpop software package provides accurate sampling probabilities for variable population sizes.
  • Methods successfully handle moderate sample sizes and complex demographic histories.
  • Accounting for population size changes significantly improves recombination rate estimates.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods and LDpop software effectively address limitations of constant population size assumptions.
  • Accurate recombination rate estimation is achievable even with complex demographic histories.
  • This work enhances the reliability of genetic inference in population genetics.