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Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
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Sensing flame structure by process tomography.

Jing Liu1, Shi Liu2, Wanting Zhou3

  • 1School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Chongping District, Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|May 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electric capacitance tomography (ECT) visualizes flame structures non-intrusively. This study demonstrates ECT

Keywords:
flame visualizationprocess tomographythree-dimensional imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Combustion science
  • Process tomography
  • Non-intrusive diagnostics

Background:

  • Studying flame reaction mechanisms and parameter distributions is crucial for developing combustion equipment.
  • Process tomography, particularly Electric Capacitance Tomography (ECT), offers fast, non-intrusive visualization of internal processes.
  • Existing ECT applications for flame imaging are limited in revealing detailed internal flame structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an Electric Capacitance Tomography (ECT) system for non-intrusive visualization of flame structures.
  • To investigate the capability of planar electrode ECT in detecting flame characteristics.
  • To establish a new method for flame structure analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a planar electrode sensor array for ECT.
  • Generation of a three-dimensional sensitivity map using the finite-element method.
  • Experimental data acquisition using the ECT system across various fuel and air feed rates.
  • Image reconstruction and analysis of flame structures.

Main Results:

  • The developed ECT system successfully reconstructed flame structures.
  • Reconstructed images showed good agreement with actual flame features.
  • The study confirmed the potential of ECT for detailed flame analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Electric Capacitance Tomography (ECT) provides a viable non-intrusive method for visualizing flame structures.
  • This technique opens new avenues for studying combustion phenomena and optimizing equipment.
  • Further exploitation of ECT can enhance understanding of flame dynamics and reaction mechanisms.