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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

Regulation of Bacterial Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Highly Sensitive Assay for Measurement of Arenavirus-cell Attachment
08:34

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Making Bunyaviruses Talk: Interrogation Tactics to Identify Host Factors Required for Infection.

Amber M Riblett1, Robert W Doms2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ariblett@mail.med.upenn.edu.

Viruses
|May 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

High-throughput screening advances identify host genes affecting bunyavirus infection. This review summarizes new technologies and biological insights into proviral and antiviral host factors impacting bunyavirus replication.

Keywords:
RNAi screeningaffinity purification mass spectrometrybunyavirushaploid genetic screeninghigh-throughput screeninghost-pathogen interactionyeast two-hybrid

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Host cellular genes play crucial roles in viral infections, acting as either proviral or antiviral factors.
  • Understanding these host-viral interactions is key to developing new antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent technological advancements in high-throughput screening for identifying host factors.
  • To summarize the biological insights gained from applying these technologies to bunyavirus infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature focusing on high-throughput screening methodologies.
  • Analysis of studies interrogating host genes' impact on bunyavirus replication.

Main Results:

  • High-throughput screening approaches have significantly improved the identification of host proviral and antiviral factors.
  • These studies have provided novel biological insights into bunyavirus-host interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Technological progress in screening enables comprehensive analysis of host factors in bunyavirus infection.
  • Further research can leverage these insights for targeted antiviral therapies against bunyaviruses.