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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Insertion, Maintenance, and Removal of the Percutaneous Dual Lumen Cannula Right Ventricular Assist Device
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Cardiac Index Declines During Long-Term Left Ventricular Device Support.

Rohan J Kalathiya1, Brian A Houston2, Jordan M Chaisson1

  • 1Osler Medical Residency, Department of Medicine.

Artificial Organs
|May 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Long-term left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy shows a decline in cardiac index after two years. Right ventricular function may improve, but aortic insufficiency can increase with continuous LVAD support.

Keywords:
Left ventricular assist device-Hemodynamics-Cardiac index-HeartMate

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Heart Failure Management

Background:

  • Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is a crucial option for advanced heart failure.
  • Long-term effects of LVADs on valvular and ventricular function require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess longitudinal changes in valvular and ventricular function in patients receiving long-term LVAD support.
  • To analyze hemodynamic and echocardiographic trends after at least two years of continuous LVAD therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 130 HeartMate II LVAD recipients (2005-2012).
  • Hemodynamic and echocardiographic data from early (0-6 months) and late (2-3 years) postoperative periods were compared for 20 patients.
  • Exclusion criteria included inotropic therapy or temporary mechanical support.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac index (CI) significantly declined by 0.4 L/min/m² (P=0.04) after 2 years.
  • Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) increased (P=0.02), indicating elevated filling pressures.
  • The right atrial pressure to PCWP ratio decreased, suggesting improved right ventricular function.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous HeartMate II LVAD support for over two years is associated with a decline in cardiac index.
  • While right ventricular function may improve, an increase in aortic insufficiency and elevated preload/afterload can occur.