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In vitro selection technologies to enhance biomaterial functionality.

Jonah C Rosch1, Emma K Hollmann1, Ethan S Lippmann2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|May 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring artificial biological motifs to enhance control over cell behavior in biomaterials. Techniques like peptide phage display and aptamer selection offer new ways to engineer cell adhesion, angiogenesis, neural regeneration, and immune modulation.

Keywords:
Biomaterialaptamerbiomedical engineeringin vitro selectionpeptidesphage

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Engineering

Background:

  • Cell fate decisions are influenced by environmental cues, including soluble proteins and cell surface receptors.
  • Existing biomaterials use natural biological motifs to control cell behavior, but these have limitations in specificity and responsiveness.
  • Natural motifs represent a fraction of potential biological diversity, hindering engineered control over cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize techniques for discovering and engineering artificial biological motifs for biomaterials.
  • To discuss the potential of these artificial motifs to overcome limitations of natural motifs.
  • To explore applications in cell adhesion, angiogenesis, neural regeneration, and immune modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of classical and emerging peptide phage display techniques.
  • Overview of nucleic acid aptamer selection strategies.
  • Analysis of in vitro selection methods for discovering novel motifs.

Main Results:

  • Identification of limitations in natural biological motifs, such as promiscuous affinity and lack of dynamic actuation.
  • Demonstration that artificial motifs can offer improved specificity, affinity, and functionality.
  • Highlighting the potential of engineered motifs to expand biomaterial capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial motifs discovered through in vitro selection can significantly enhance biomaterial control over cell behavior.
  • Peptide phage display and aptamer selection are key techniques for discovering these artificial motifs.
  • Engineered motifs hold promise for diverse therapeutic applications, including regenerative medicine and immunomodulation.