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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

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Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
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Author Spotlight: In Vitro Co-Culture Model for Studying Microglia-Neuronal Interactions in Disease Conditions
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Microglia-Neuron Communication in Epilepsy.

Ukpong B Eyo1, Madhuvika Murugan1, Long-Jun Wu1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey.

Glia
|May 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, play a key role in epilepsy. Understanding microglial function could lead to new epilepsy treatments beyond current neurocentric approaches.

Keywords:
epilepsykainic acidmicrogliapilocarpineseizures

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Epilepsy presents a significant global health and economic challenge.
  • Existing neurocentric treatments are ineffective for at least one-third of patients.
  • Glial cells and neuroinflammation are increasingly implicated in epilepsy pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microglia in epilepsy.
  • To highlight microglial reactions to seizures and their control over neuronal activity.
  • To propose microglial functions in acute epilepsy, neurodegeneration, and neurogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microglial involvement in epilepsy.
  • Analysis of experimental seizure models.
  • Discussion of neuro-microglial interactions.

Main Results:

  • Microglia are major inflammatory cells in the epileptic brain.
  • Microglial activity is linked to acute epileptic phenotypes, delayed neurodegeneration, and aberrant neurogenesis.
  • Microglial involvement in epilepsy remains understudied.

Conclusions:

  • Microglia represent a promising therapeutic target for epilepsy.
  • Further research is needed on microglial functions in chronic epilepsy and developmental seizures.
  • Understanding microglia could lead to improved epilepsy therapies.