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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.9K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.9K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.9K
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

19.0K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
19.0K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

19.0K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
19.0K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

11.3K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:06

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 29, 2017

13.4K

Boric acid-dependent decrease in regulatory histone H3 acetylation is not mutagenic in yeast.

Benjamin R Pointer1, Martin Schmidt2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA.

FEMS Microbiology Letters
|May 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Boric acid inhibits Candida albicans hyphal growth by reducing histone H3 acetylation at specific sites. This treatment does not impair DNA repair or genome integrity in the yeast.

Keywords:
Candida albicansboric acidhistone acetylationmutagenesis

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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP of Histone Modifications from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models
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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
09:43

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Candida albicans is a human pathogen that exists as a yeast or hyphae.
  • Hyphal growth is essential for virulence and requires histone H3 modifications by Rtt109.
  • Rtt109 acetylates histone H3 lysine 9 and 56 (H3K9/H3K56), impacting morphogenesis, DNA replication, and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of boric acid (BA) on Candida albicans histone acetylation.
  • To determine the specificity, time-course, and significance of BA's impact on H3K9/H3K56 acetylation.
  • To assess the impact of BA on DNA repair and genome integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of C. albicans with sublethal boric acid concentrations.
  • Analysis of H3K9/H3K56 acetylation levels via Western blotting or similar techniques.
  • Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to analyze Rad51 gene expression.
  • Forward-mutation assays to evaluate genotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • Sublethal boric acid concentrations reduced basal and stress-induced H3K9/H3K56 acetylation.
  • Acetylation at other histone sites remained unaffected, indicating specificity.
  • Rad51 expression did not increase, and mutation rates were not elevated, suggesting no genotoxic stress.
  • DNA repair mechanisms remained functional despite decreased histone acetylation.

Conclusions:

  • Boric acid specifically reduces H3K9/H3K56 acetylation in Candida albicans.
  • BA treatment does not induce genotoxic stress or compromise genome integrity.
  • The findings suggest that histone acetylation is not essential for DNA repair effectiveness in BA-treated yeast.