Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

53.6K
Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
53.6K
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

48
In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
48
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

26.7K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.7K
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

5.1K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
5.1K
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

14.8K
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been...
14.8K
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

12.2K
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
12.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nondiffracting polarization textures enabled by anisotropic loss.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Isolated Attosecond Spatiotemporal Optical Vortices: Interplay between the Topological Charge and Orbital Angular Momentum Scaling in High Harmonic Generation.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Observation of helical pulses.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Skyrmionic Polarization Texture around the Phase Singularity of Optical Vortices.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Optics of spatiotemporal optical vortices for atto- and nano-photonics.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)·2025
Same author

Control of vortex orientation of ultrashort optical pulses using a spatial chirp.

Optics letters·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

8.2K

Majorization applied to diffraction.

Alfredo Luis, Isabel Gonzalo, Miguel A Porras

    Optics Letters
    |May 19, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces majorization, a statistical method, to quantify diffraction patterns from various apertures. This approach offers a robust alternative when traditional variance analysis is insufficient for characterizing optical phenomena.

    More Related Videos

    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
    10:12

    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

    Published on: June 19, 2018

    9.7K
    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
    09:16

    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

    Published on: June 8, 2016

    16.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

    Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
    08:44

    Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

    Published on: August 22, 2017

    8.2K
    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
    10:12

    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

    Published on: June 19, 2018

    9.7K
    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects
    09:16

    X-ray Powder Diffraction in Conservation Science: Towards Routine Crystal Structure Determination of Corrosion Products on Heritage Art Objects

    Published on: June 8, 2016

    16.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Statistical Physics
    • Applied Mathematics

    Background:

    • Diffraction is a fundamental wave phenomenon crucial in optics.
    • Quantifying diffraction intensity is essential for designing optical systems.
    • Traditional statistical measures like variance may not fully capture diffraction characteristics for all aperture types.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and apply the statistical concept of majorization for characterizing diffraction.
    • To compare diffraction patterns generated by different apertures using majorization.
    • To provide a novel statistical framework for analyzing optical diffraction.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of majorization theory from statistics.
    • Analysis of diffraction patterns produced by various aperture geometries.
    • Comparison of diffraction characteristics using majorization inequalities.

    Main Results:

    • Majorization successfully characterizes and differentiates diffraction patterns.
    • The study demonstrates the utility of majorization where variance is inapplicable.
    • Quantitative comparisons of diffraction severity across different apertures are established.

    Conclusions:

    • Majorization offers a powerful statistical tool for optical diffraction analysis.
    • This method enhances the ability to compare and understand diffraction effects.
    • The findings provide new insights into aperture-dependent diffraction phenomena.