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Host-parasitoid evolution in a metacommunity.

Denon Start1, Benjamin Gilbert2

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B3 denon.start@mail.utoronto.ca.

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|May 20, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eco-evolutionary feedback shapes insect populations. In small, isolated habitats, gall flies evolved smaller sizes and reduced dispersal to evade predators, demonstrating adaptation to local conditions.

Keywords:
Eurosta solidaginisSolidago altissimaconsumer–resourcedispersalmetacommunitytrophic dependency

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Metacommunity Dynamics

Background:

  • Habitat fragmentation impacts species diversity and evolution.
  • Eco-evolutionary feedbacks in metacommunities are poorly understood.
  • Natural enemies impose selective pressures influencing prey evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate eco-evolutionary feedback in a gall-forming fly (Eurosta solidaginis) metacommunity.
  • To test how patch size and isolation affect species interactions and evolution.
  • To examine the role of natural enemies in driving local adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Field sampling of Eurosta solidaginis and its natural enemies across a metacommunity.
  • Common garden experiment to assess phenotypic differences.
  • Analysis of selection gradients and dispersal ability in relation to patch characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Specialist parasitoids were less abundant in small, isolated patches.
  • Gall fly phenotypes shifted towards resistance against generalist predators in these patches.
  • Populations in small, isolated patches exhibited reduced dispersal abilities, maintaining local adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Patch isolation and size drive eco-evolutionary feedbacks by altering enemy pressure.
  • Trophic interactions and consumer traits are key drivers of metacommunity evolution.
  • Local adaptation and reduced dispersal evolve in response to habitat fragmentation.