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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
Published on: July 20, 2022
Magnetic Structure of Sunspots
Juan M Borrero1, Kiyoshi Ichimoto2
1Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik, Schöneckstr. 6, Freiburg, D-79104 Germany.
Abstract:
In this review we give an overview about the current state-of-knowledge of the magnetic field in sunspots from an observational point of view. We start by offering a brief description of tools that are most commonly employed to infer the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere with emphasis in the photosphere of sunspots. We then address separately the global and local magnetic structure of sunspots, focusing on the implications of the current observations for the different sunspots models, energy transport mechanisms, extrapolations of the magnetic field towards the corona, and other issues.
Electronic Supplementary Material:
Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.12942/lrsp-2011-4.
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