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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test01:30

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Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Lower GI Series: Barium Enema01:23

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A Barium Enema, or a lower GI series, is a specialized radiographic examination designed to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract, specifically the colon and rectum. This procedure is instrumental in diagnosing various conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System
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Comparing CT colonography and flexible sigmoidoscopy: a randomised trial within a population-based screening

Daniele Regge1, Gabriella Iussich2, Nereo Segnan3

  • 1Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.

Gut
|May 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

CT colonography (CTC) and flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) show similar colorectal cancer screening participation and detection rates. CTC identified more advanced neoplasia in the proximal colon, particularly in men, while FS detected more in the distal colon.

Keywords:
COLONIC NEOPLASMSCOLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is crucial for early detection and prevention.
  • The comparative effectiveness of CT colonography (CTC) versus flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) for CRC screening remains uncertain.
  • Understanding participation and detection rates is vital for optimizing screening strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare participation rates between CTC and FS in a colorectal cancer screening program.
  • To evaluate and compare the detection rates of advanced neoplasia (AN) and CRC between CTC and FS.
  • To assess differences in AN detection based on colonic location and participant demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were conducted to assess participation and detection.
  • Participants aged 58 years were randomized to be invited for either FS or CTC screening.
  • Detection of polyps ≥6 mm (CTC) or high-risk distal lesions (FS) led to referral for colonoscopy.

Main Results:

  • Overall participation rates were comparable: 30.4% for CTC vs. 27.4% for FS.
  • Men showed higher participation rates with CTC (34.1%) compared to FS (26.5%).
  • Advanced neoplasia detection rates were similar overall (5.1% CTC vs. 4.8% FS), but CTC detected more proximal AN (2.7% vs. 1.2%), while FS detected more distal AN (3.9% vs. 2.9%).

Conclusions:

  • CTC and FS demonstrate comparable participation and overall advanced neoplasia detection rates in colorectal cancer screening.
  • CTC offers a higher detection rate for proximal advanced neoplasia, whereas FS is more effective for distal lesions.
  • Men are more likely to participate in CTC screening, suggesting potential for targeted outreach.