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3D Printing - Evaluating Particle Emissions of a 3D Printing Pen
Published on: October 9, 2020
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Emission of particulate matter from a desktop three-dimensional (3D) printer
Jinghai Yi1, Ryan F LeBouf2, Matthew G Duling2
1a Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , West Virginia , USA.
Summary
Desktop 3D printers emit ultrafine particles (UFPs) that pose health risks indoors. Filament type, color, and printer covers significantly impact UFP emissions, necessitating controls for safer use.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Occupational Safety
- Materials Science
Background:
- Desktop 3D printers are increasingly common in various indoor settings.
- These environments often lack adequate exposure controls for emissions.
- Prior research on laser printers highlights the need to assess 3D printer emissions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate factors influencing particulate emissions from 3D printers.
- To characterize the physical properties of these emissions.
- To inform risk assessment for 3D printer use in non-industrial settings.
Main Methods:
- Emissions were measured in a 0.5-m³ chamber and a 32.7-m³ room.
- Real-time instrumentation tracked particle number, size, mass, and surface area.
- Evaluated filament composition (ABS, PLA), color, and printer covers.
Main Results:
- Filament type significantly affected emissions; ABS produced larger particles than PLA.
- Particle size, number, and mass varied by filament color.
- Using a printer cover reduced total particle emissions by 50%.
Conclusions:
- Desktop 3D printers release substantial ultrafine particles into indoor air.
- Filament choice and printer enclosures are critical for emission control.
- A hierarchy of controls, including design and ventilation, is needed to mitigate risks.
