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Enamel alteration following tooth bleaching and remineralization
Emilija Coceska1, Elizabeta Gjorgievska1, Nichola J Coleman2
1Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University 'Ss Cyril and Methodius' Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Journal of Microscopy
|May 20, 2016
Summary
Professional tooth whitening with hydrogen peroxide causes enamel alterations, with laser activation being more aggressive. However, specialized toothpastes can effectively remineralize and repair these dental changes.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Surface Chemistry
Background:
- Professional tooth whitening agents, particularly those with high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP), are widely used.
- Concerns exist regarding their potential impact on dental enamel surface integrity.
- Remineralization therapies are crucial for restoring mineral content and repairing enamel damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the enamel alterations caused by professional tooth whitening agents (HP with and without laser activation).
- To evaluate the remineralization potential of four different toothpastes on bleached enamel.
- To assess the effectiveness of remineralization agents in repairing HP-induced enamel damage.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 50 human molars subjected to two whitening agents (Opalescence® Boost, Mirawhite® Laser Bleaching).
- Subgrouping for remineralization with four toothpastes (Mirasensitive® hap+, Mirawhite® Gelleѐ, GC Tooth Mousse™, Mirafluor® C) and a control.
- Surface analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with 3D-SEM, qualitative EDX, and semi-quantitative EDX analysis.
Main Results:
- Both whitening agents caused enamel alterations, including emphasized perikymata, erosions, and loss of interprizmatic substance.
- Laser activation was more aggressive, leading to enamel rod shearing and loss of integrity.
- Remineralization resulted in surface deposits; calcium phosphate-based toothpastes showed significant coverage.
- GC Tooth Mousse™ showed some loss of integrity and minerals, while other agents showed repair.
Conclusions:
- Tooth whitening procedures, especially laser-assisted bleaching, induce significant enamel alterations and mineral loss.
- These alterations are reversible and can be effectively repaired by specific remineralization toothpastes.
- Calcium phosphate-based toothpastes demonstrate promising potential for enamel repair after whitening treatments.
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