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Determination of transmitter function by neuronal activity.

P A Walicke, R B Campenot, P H Patterson

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |December 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Neuronal activity, specifically depolarization, significantly impacts sympathetic neuron differentiation. This activity, potentially mediated by calcium ions (Ca2+), determines whether neurons develop cholinergic or adrenergic functions.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cell Biology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Sympathetic neurons differentiate into cholinergic or adrenergic phenotypes.
    • Neuronal activity is a key factor in cell differentiation.
    • Previous studies showed conditioned medium influences neurotransmitter function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of neuronal activity in determining neurotransmitter function in sympathetic neurons.
    • To explore the influence of depolarization on cholinergic and adrenergic differentiation.
    • To examine the potential involvement of calcium ions in this process.

    Main Methods:

    • Dissociated sympathetic neurons from rat superior cervical ganglia were cultured.
    • Cholinergic and adrenergic differentiation were assayed using radioactive choline and tyrosine.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Neurons were treated with depolarizing agents (elevated K+, veratridine) or electrical stimulation.
  • Calcium (Ca2+) antagonists (D600, Mg2+) were used to assess calcium's role.

    • Main Results:

    • Depolarization significantly reduced acetylcholine/catecholamine synthesis ratios (up to 300-fold).
    • Depolarized neurons remained primarily adrenergic, even with conditioned medium.
    • Depolarization's effect on cholinergic differentiation occurred without significant alteration in neuronal survival.
    • Calcium antagonists blocked the effect of depolarization on cholinergic induction.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuronal depolarization is a critical factor in determining adrenergic versus cholinergic differentiation in sympathetic neurons.
    • This effect of depolarization appears to be mediated by calcium ion (Ca2+) influx.
    • Activity patterns, including steady or intermittent depolarization, regulate neurotransmitter phenotype plasticity.