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Retroviruses in the Caribbean.

C Bartholomew, F Cleghorn

    Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization
    |January 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    HIV transmission in the Caribbean varies, with some nations showing heterosexual spread and others focusing on specific risk groups. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I) prevalence also differs across the region.

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    Emmanuel Ciprian Amoroso.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Virology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission in the Caribbean typically starts with homosexual and bisexual males before spreading to heterosexuals.
    • However, epidemic patterns differ across islands, with unique origins and affected demographics observed in Saint Lucia, Bermuda, and the Bahamas.
    • Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I), with similar transmission routes to HIV, shows varying seroprevalence in the region.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the diverse patterns of HIV transmission across various Caribbean nations.
    • To report the seroprevalence of HTLV-I in selected Caribbean populations.
    • To explore potential coinfection of HIV and HTLV-I in specific risk groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of HIV/AIDS case data from different Caribbean countries, noting demographic and transmission routes.
    • Seroprevalence surveys for HTLV-I in Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica.
    • A small cohort study investigating HIV and HTLV-I coinfection in homosexual males in Trinidad and Tobago.

    Main Results:

    • HIV epidemic origins varied: Saint Lucia (heterosexuals linked to Florida laborers), Bermuda (intravenous drug users), Bahamas (heterosexuals and perinatal transmission).
    • HTLV-I seroprevalence ranged from 2.3% in Trinidad and Tobago to 5.4% in Jamaica.
    • A small study in Trinidad and Tobago suggested coinfection but lacked statistical power to confirm accelerated AIDS progression.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV transmission dynamics in the Caribbean are heterogeneous and influenced by local socio-behavioral factors.
    • HTLV-I is endemic in the Caribbean, with varying prevalence rates.
    • Further research is needed to understand the impact of HIV and HTLV-I coinfection on disease progression.

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