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Related Concept Videos

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

540
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA
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Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection.

Marysia S Tweet1, Rajiv Gulati2, Sharonne N Hayes2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. tweet.marysia@mayo.edu.

Current Cardiology Reports
|May 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a key cause of heart attacks, especially in younger women. Advances in imaging reveal SCAD is more common than previously thought, requiring distinct management strategies.

Keywords:
Acute coronary syndromeFibromuscular dysplasiaMyocardial infarctionPregnancySpontaneous coronary artery dissectionWomen

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a significant cause of nonatherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, and sudden death.
  • Previously underestimated, SCAD's prevalence is increasingly recognized due to technological advancements and heightened clinical awareness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries concerning SCAD.
  • To describe current research efforts aimed at addressing knowledge gaps in SCAD.
  • To emphasize the distinct clinical characteristics and management of SCAD compared to atherosclerotic heart disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature and clinical findings related to SCAD.
  • Highlighting the role of advanced catheterization laboratory innovations.
  • Utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for visualization.

Main Results:

  • Innovations like OCT and IVUS improve visualization of intimal disruption and intramural hematoma in SCAD.
  • Evidence suggests SCAD is more prevalent than previously estimated.
  • SCAD is frequently associated with female sex, young age, extreme stress or exertion, pregnancy, and fibromuscular dysplasia.

Conclusions:

  • SCAD requires specific consideration due to its unique patient demographics and clinical presentation.
  • Enhanced imaging technologies have improved SCAD diagnosis and understanding.
  • Further research is crucial to fully elucidate the pathophysiology and optimize management of SCAD.