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Related Concept Videos

Sequences01:29

Sequences

391
Sequences are fundamental mathematical objects consisting of ordered lists of numbers that follow a specific rule or pattern. Sequences are critical in various mathematical concepts, including calculus, series, and number theory. They can model real-world phenomena such as population growth, financial investments, and physical processes like the diminishing height of a bouncing ball.Each number in a sequence is referred to as a term. Typically, the terms are denoted as a1, a2, a3,…, where...
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Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

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Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Arithmetic Sequences01:30

Arithmetic Sequences

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An arithmetic sequence is a structured arrangement of numbers where each term is derived by adding a constant value, known as the common difference, to the previous term. This consistent pattern allows for the efficient computation of any term within the sequence as well as the cumulative sum of multiple terms. The formula for finding the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is:Here, aₙ represents the nth term of the sequence, a is the first term, d is the common difference, and n is the...
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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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Seq and You Will Find.

Nicole Schonrock1, Nicky Jonkhout, John S Mattick

  • 1Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, 2010, NSW, Australia. n.schonrock@garvan.org.au.

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|May 25, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing advances human biology and medicine by revealing genome complexity. Understanding RNA's role in health and disease is crucial for personalized genomic medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • The human genome sequence is nearly complete and freely available, driving new research opportunities.
  • Next-generation sequencing technologies have transformed the study of genomes and their products.
  • Increasing knowledge of gene-environment interactions enhances the medical value of personal genetic profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complexity of the human genome and its products.
  • To highlight the impact of sequencing technologies on understanding genome function.
  • To emphasize the need for accurate annotation of functional genomic sequences and variations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on genomics and sequencing technologies.
  • Analysis of the role of RNA transcripts in biological networks and disease.
  • Discussion of the implications of whole genome sequencing for personalized medicine.

Main Results:

  • Sequencing technologies have revolutionized the analysis and treatment of human diseases.
  • Personalized genomic medicine is rapidly developing due to plummeting sequencing costs.
  • RNA molecules play critical roles beyond protein-coding, acting as key regulators in biological networks.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate annotation of the human genome, including variations, is essential for advancing health and disease understanding.
  • A comprehensive understanding of RNA functions is needed to maximize its utility in medical practice.
  • The integration of genomic data and sequencing technologies is paving the way for personalized genomic medicine.