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Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis in Children: A Case Report
Gholam Reza Khademi1, Mohammad Hasan Aelami2
1Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sheikh Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
|May 25, 2016
Summary
Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare, severe white matter inflammation. Early detection and treatment with steroids, IVIG, acyclovir, and plasmapheresis can improve outcomes in children.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Pediatrics
- Demyelinating Diseases
Background:
- Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare, rapidly progressive, fulminant inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting white matter.
- AHLE typically presents with severe neurological deficits and has a high mortality and morbidity rate.
Observation:
- A previously healthy 13-year-old girl presented with fever and loss of consciousness, followed by referral to a pediatric intensive care unit.
- The patient exhibited right-sided parotiditis upon admission.
Findings:
- The diagnosis of AHLE was established.
- Treatment involved methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), acyclovir, and plasmapheresis, leading to a successful outcome.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive multimodal treatment for AHLE in children.
- Successful management of AHLE can potentially decrease mortality and morbidity associated with this severe neurological condition.
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