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Acute Hemorrhagic Leukoencephalitis in Children: A Case Report

Gholam Reza Khademi1, Mohammad Hasan Aelami2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Sheikh Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
|May 25, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare, severe white matter inflammation. Early detection and treatment with steroids, IVIG, acyclovir, and plasmapheresis can improve outcomes in children.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Demyelinating Diseases

Background:

  • Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare, rapidly progressive, fulminant inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting white matter.
  • AHLE typically presents with severe neurological deficits and has a high mortality and morbidity rate.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy 13-year-old girl presented with fever and loss of consciousness, followed by referral to a pediatric intensive care unit.
  • The patient exhibited right-sided parotiditis upon admission.

Findings:

  • The diagnosis of AHLE was established.
  • Treatment involved methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), acyclovir, and plasmapheresis, leading to a successful outcome.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and aggressive multimodal treatment for AHLE in children.
  • Successful management of AHLE can potentially decrease mortality and morbidity associated with this severe neurological condition.

Keywords:
Acute Hemorrhagic EncephalomyelitisAcute disseminatedDemyelinating diseasesLeukoencephalitis

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