[Occupational Allergies to Trypsin and Chymotrypsin]

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Occupational Health
• Immunology

Background:

• Trypsin and chymotrypsin are pancreatic proteolytic enzymes with pharmaceutical and laboratory uses.
• Occupational exposure to enzyme dusts is a known cause of immediate airway hypersensitivity.
• These enzymes are recognized as potential inhalable sensitizers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evidence regarding airway sensitization from trypsin and chymotrypsin exposure.
• To investigate the immunological mechanisms underlying occupational hypersensitivity reactions.

Main Methods:

• Review of reported cases of specific airway sensitization.
• Analysis of clinical symptoms and immunological test results (skin prick, challenge tests, specific IgE).

Main Results:

• Several studies report clear cases of specific airway sensitization due to trypsin and chymotrypsin.
• Positive skin prick tests, challenge tests, and specific IgE antibodies were observed.
• Clinical symptoms correlated well with test results, indicating an immunological basis.
• Immediate urticarial skin reactions are possible, but delayed eczematous reactions lack clear evidence.

Conclusions:

• Trypsin and chymotrypsin are confirmed inhalable sensitizers causing occupational airway hypersensitivity.
• Immunological mechanisms are strongly suggested by clinical and laboratory findings.
• Further research may be needed to clarify skin reaction types and mechanisms.