Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

28
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
28
Influenza01:27

Influenza

5
Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
5
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

8
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
8
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

2
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
2
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

25.5K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
25.5K
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

27
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
27

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The implementation and evaluation of a mentoring program for Bachelor of Midwifery students in the clinical practice environment.

Nurse education in practice·2023
Same author

A mixed methods evaluation of Multiple Mini Interviews for entry into the Bachelor of Midwifery.

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives·2022
Same author

Insider knowledge as a double-edged sword: an integrative review of midwives' personal childbearing experiences.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2022
Same author

A national survey of Australian midwives' birth choices and outcomes.

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives·2022
Same author

The midwife-student mentor relationship: Creating the virtuous circle.

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives·2021
Same author

The impact of Multiple Mini Interviews on the attrition and academic outcomes of midwifery students.

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives·2021
Same journal

Effect of artificial intelligence on nursing documentation and patient safety.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Strategies for responding to anger from patients, relatives and carers.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Nurses' role in detecting early and subtle signs of patient deterioration in acute hospitals.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Pulse oximetry: exploring its role, limitations and challenges in clinical practice.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Anorexia nervosa: identification and management by non-specialist nurses.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Skin and soft tissue abscesses: assessment and management.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

2.1K

The second wave.

A Sheehan

    Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
    |May 26, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Injecting drug users (IDUs) and their sexual partners are the fastest-growing group contracting HIV. Sharing contaminated injecting equipment in Edinburgh exemplifies the severe public health consequences of this trend.

    More Related Videos

    Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
    09:26

    Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

    Published on: June 30, 2023

    1.8K
    Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
    08:41

    Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

    Published on: November 5, 2021

    3.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
    03:53

    Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

    Published on: November 10, 2023

    2.1K
    Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
    09:26

    Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

    Published on: June 30, 2023

    1.8K
    Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
    08:41

    Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

    Published on: November 5, 2021

    3.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Injecting drug use is a significant risk factor for HIV transmission.
    • HIV infection rates are rising among injecting drug users (IDUs) and their sexual partners.
    • The sharing of contaminated injecting equipment facilitates rapid disease spread within this population.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the public health crisis of HIV infection among injecting drug users.
    • To illustrate the consequences of sharing injecting equipment in a specific urban setting.
    • To underscore the importance of harm reduction strategies for HIV prevention.

    Main Methods:

    • Observational analysis of HIV transmission patterns.
    • Case study of an urban population in Edinburgh.
    • Epidemiological data review on injecting drug use and HIV prevalence.

    Main Results:

    • Injecting drug users and their sexual partners represent the largest growing demographic contracting HIV.
    • The city of Edinburgh serves as a critical example of HIV spread due to equipment sharing.
    • High rates of HIV infection are linked to the practice of sharing injecting paraphernalia.

    Conclusions:

    • Urgent public health interventions are needed to address HIV transmission among IDUs.
    • Preventing the sharing of injecting equipment is crucial for controlling HIV epidemics.
    • Targeted harm reduction programs can mitigate HIV spread in vulnerable populations.