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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Transcranial brain stimulation: closing the loop between brain and stimulation.

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Personalized noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation (TBS) strategies reduce variability in brain function improvements. Adaptive closed-loop stimulation optimizes TBS efficacy by adjusting to individual brain states for better therapeutic outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Stimulation
  • Cognitive Enhancement

Background:

  • Transcranial brain stimulation (TBS) shows significant variability in efficacy due to individual differences.
  • Standard "one-size-fits-all" approaches fail to account for trait-related and state-related factors influencing TBS response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of noninvasive TBS.
  • To explore methods for reducing response variability and maximizing plasticity-inducing effects.

Main Methods:

  • Standardizing brain states using priming interventions or paired associative stimulation.
  • Utilizing neuroimaging (MRI, spectroscopy) for trait- and state-related profiling.
  • Employing online functional brain imaging to inform real-time stimulation adjustments.
  • Implementing state-informed open-loop and adaptive closed-loop stimulation protocols.

Main Results:

  • Strategies like priming and neuroanatomical/neurochemical profiling can standardize brain states and capture individual variability.
  • Online monitoring of brain states allows for dynamic adjustment of stimulation timing and parameters.
  • Adaptive closed-loop stimulation adjusts settings based on real-time, stimulation-induced state changes.

Conclusions:

  • Accounting for individual trait- and state-related factors is crucial for optimizing TBS.
  • Personalized and adaptive stimulation approaches hold significant potential for therapeutic applications of TBS.