Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

5.0K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
5.0K
Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

2.3K
The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
2.3K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

6.2K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
6.2K
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

2.8K
Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
2.8K
Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)

6.3K
Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
6.3K
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

10.9K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prolonged fenfluramine use in open-label studies of Dravet or Lennox-Gastaut syndromes: Long-term safety, tolerability, patient global functioning, and considerations for interpreting effectiveness.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Exploring glucocorticoid receptor signalling in lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

ERJ open research·2026
Same author

Retraction: Tumors with TSC mutations are sensitive to CDK7 inhibition through NRF2 and glutathione depletion.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026
Same author

Clinicopathologic characterization of renal tumors with Folliculin (FLCN) biallelic inactivation.

Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology·2026
Same author

Ninth BHD International Symposium: Advancing research through global collaboration.

Cell stress & chaperones·2026
Same author

A Mitochondrial Plasma Proteomic Signature Identifies Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Cancers·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

796

Tuberous sclerosis complex.

Elizabeth P Henske1, Sergiusz Jóźwiak2,3, J Christopher Kingswood4

  • 1Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|May 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs due to TSC1 or TSC2 gene mutations. mTOR inhibitors show promise for treating TSC-related tumors, but more research is needed for broader therapeutic applications.

More Related Videos

Label-Free Non-Linear Optics for the Study of Tubulin-Dependent Defects in Central Myelin
08:07

Label-Free Non-Linear Optics for the Study of Tubulin-Dependent Defects in Central Myelin

Published on: March 24, 2023

2.3K
Purification of Tubulin with Controlled Posttranslational Modifications and Isotypes from Limited Sources by Polymerization-Depolymerization Cycles
07:54

Purification of Tubulin with Controlled Posttranslational Modifications and Isotypes from Limited Sources by Polymerization-Depolymerization Cycles

Published on: November 5, 2020

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism
08:44

Dynamic Clamp Methods to Investigate Impaired Neuronal Excitability Associated with Autism

Published on: October 17, 2025

796
Label-Free Non-Linear Optics for the Study of Tubulin-Dependent Defects in Central Myelin
08:07

Label-Free Non-Linear Optics for the Study of Tubulin-Dependent Defects in Central Myelin

Published on: March 24, 2023

2.3K
Purification of Tubulin with Controlled Posttranslational Modifications and Isotypes from Limited Sources by Polymerization-Depolymerization Cycles
07:54

Purification of Tubulin with Controlled Posttranslational Modifications and Isotypes from Limited Sources by Polymerization-Depolymerization Cycles

Published on: November 5, 2020

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Caused by loss-of-function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes, it impacts millions globally.
  • Characterized by tumors, seizures, and neuropsychiatric disorders, TSC presents diverse clinical features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on TSC, covering its molecular basis, clinical manifestations, and management.
  • To highlight advancements in research and therapeutic strategies, particularly mTOR inhibitors.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions for a potential cure.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of existing literature on TSC.
  • Analysis of basic and translational research findings.
  • Examination of data from randomized controlled trials of mTOR inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • TSC involves mutations in TSC1/TSC2 genes, disrupting the mTOR signaling pathway.
  • mTOR inhibitors are approved for specific TSC-related conditions like renal angiomyolipomas and subependymal giant cell astrocytomas.
  • Significant progress has been made, but further research is required to expand therapeutic indications.

Conclusions:

  • TSC is a complex genetic disorder with a wide range of clinical presentations.
  • Targeting the mTOR pathway with inhibitors has shown therapeutic success for certain TSC manifestations.
  • Continued research is crucial to fully understand TSC and develop comprehensive treatment strategies.