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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
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Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...
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Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse
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VAVD vacuum may cause bubble transgression in membrane oxygenators.

K Nygaard1, A S Thiara2, C Tronstad1

  • 11 Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Perfusion
|May 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Vacuum-assisted venous drainage can cause bubble transgression in heart-lung machine oxygenators, potentially leading to air emboli. Monitoring negative pressure or using relief valves can enhance patient safety during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Keywords:
VAVDair embolibubble transgressioncardiopulmonary bypassgaseous microembolimembrane oxygenatorvacuum-assisted venous drainage

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Safety

Background:

  • Vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) is crucial for enhancing venous blood return during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  • Accidental vacuum in the oxygenator can lead to bubble transgression (BT), introducing gas bubbles into the arterial blood line.
  • Understanding oxygenator tolerance to vacuum is vital for preventing BT and minimizing patient injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the vacuum threshold at which bubble transgression occurs in membrane oxygenators.
  • To assess the impact of VAVD vacuum on different adult oxygenator models.

Main Methods:

  • Four adult oxygenators (Quadrox-i, Affinity Fusion, Capiox RX25, Inspire 6M) were tested in an in vitro setup.
  • VAVD vacuum was applied to the oxygenator via a non-occlusive roller pump.
  • An ultrasonic bubble counter (Gampt BCC 200) measured bubbles in the arterial line post-restart.

Main Results:

  • Significant bubble count increases were observed in Affinity Fusion and Inspire 6M oxygenators at -30 mmHg VAVD vacuum.
  • Massive air ingress occurred in Capiox RX25 at -30 mmHg and Affinity Fusion at -40 mmHg VAVD vacuum.
  • All tested oxygenators demonstrated some level of bubble transgression under VAVD vacuum.

Conclusions:

  • VAVD vacuum poses a risk of bubble transgression and massive air ingress in oxygenators.
  • Specific oxygenator models exhibited vulnerability at different vacuum levels.
  • Implementing negative pressure alarms or pressure relief valves could enhance safety during VAVD use.