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The Dorsoventral Patterning of Human Forebrain Follows an Activation/Transformation Model
Liankai Chi1,2,3, Beibei Fan3, Dandan Feng3
1Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and.
Human forebrain development follows an activation/transformation model. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) represses dorsal genes, releasing ventral fate in human neuroectoderm (NE).
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Neuroscience
- Human embryogenesis
Background:
- Anteroposterior patterning of the central nervous system uses an activation/transformation model.
- Dorsoventral (DV) patterning of the vertebrate telencephalon is not fully understood, especially in humans.
- Human gene regulatory networks during neural induction are unique.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a model for human forebrain DV patterning.
- To investigate the roles of Pax6 and Nkx2.1 in human forebrain DV specification.
- To elucidate the mechanism of Shh in ventralization.
Main Methods:
- Forced expression of Pax6 in human neuroectoderm (NE).
- Genetic manipulation of Nkx2.1.
- Analysis of Shh signaling in human NE.
Main Results:
- Human NE defaults to a dorsal forebrain fate independent of Wnts or Pax6.
- Forced Pax6 expression inhibits ventralization by Shh.
- Nkx2.1 is not essential for Shh-induced ventralization.
Conclusions:
- Human forebrain DV patterning follows an activation/transformation paradigm.
- Shh acts by repressing dorsal genes in human NE, enabling ventral fate.
- This repression-release mechanism transforms the default dorsal fate into a ventral one.
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