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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

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Development and Characterization of a High Sensitivity Segmented Fast Neutron Spectrometer (FaNS-2).

T J Langford1, E J Beise2, H Breuer2

  • 1Wright Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA.

Journal of Instrumentation : an IOP and SISSA Journal
|May 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new segmented fast neutron spectrometer (FaNS-2) was developed for measuring neutron flux and spectra from MeV to GeV energies. This instrument is designed to detect low neutron fluxes, such as cosmogenic neutrons, with improved energy resolution.

Keywords:
Hybrid detectorsNeutron detectorsParticle identification methodsSpectrometers

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Neutron Radiography and Computed Tomography of Biological Systems at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor
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Neutron Radiography and Computed Tomography of Biological Systems at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor
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Neutron Radiography and Computed Tomography of Biological Systems at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Particle Detection
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Fast neutron detection is crucial for various applications, including nuclear safety, astrophysics, and homeland security.
  • Existing spectrometers often face limitations in energy range, sensitivity to low fluxes, or background rejection.
  • Cosmogenic neutrons present a unique challenge due to their low flux and broad energy spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel segmented fast neutron spectrometer (FaNS-2).
  • To enable precise measurement of fast neutron flux and spectra from MeV to 1 GeV.
  • To facilitate the study of low-flux neutron environments, such as cosmogenic neutrons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes plastic scintillator for initial neutron energy deposition and Helium-3 (³He) proportional counters for neutron capture detection.
  • Employs capture-gated spectroscopy for event identification and background rejection.
  • Incorporates segmentation for enhanced neutron energy reconstruction and a large scintillator volume for increased sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Characterization with a 252Cf source and monoenergetic neutron fields (2.5 MeV, 14 MeV) demonstrated successful performance.
  • Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) unfolding of neutron spectra achieved a 5% energy resolution at 14 MeV.
  • The FaNS-2 design shows promise for detecting low neutron fluxes in challenging environments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FaNS-2 spectrometer is a capable instrument for fast neutron flux and spectral measurements across a wide energy range.
  • Its design features, including segmentation and capture-gating, provide significant advantages for low-flux and background-rich environments.
  • Future applications include in-situ measurements of cosmogenic neutron spectra in surface and underground settings.