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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Acute Angioedema Triggered by Daptomycin.

Valentin Gisler1, Sabine Müller2, Lionel Müller3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Infectious Diseases and Therapy
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Daptomycin, an antibiotic for Staphylococcus aureus infections, can rarely cause acute angioedema, a serious allergic reaction. This case highlights the potential for immediate-type hypersensitivity to daptomycin, even on initial exposure.

Keywords:
AnaphylaxisAngioedemaDaptomycin

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic commonly used for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections.
  • While generally safe, serious adverse events are rare.
  • This report details a case of acute angioedema potentially triggered by daptomycin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of acute angioedema induced by daptomycin.
  • To raise awareness among clinicians about immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions to daptomycin.

Main Methods:

  • A 60-year-old female patient with persistent S. aureus bacteremia and acute kidney injury was treated with daptomycin and ceftriaxone.
  • The patient developed acute angioedema (lip and tongue swelling, dyspnea) shortly after the first daptomycin dose.
  • An intradermal skin test confirmed hypersensitivity to daptomycin.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced acute angioedema following daptomycin administration.
  • Switching to vancomycin led to a favorable clinical outcome.
  • Intradermal testing showed a positive reaction to daptomycin and a negative reaction to ceftriaxone.

Conclusions:

  • Daptomycin was identified as the probable or certain cause of acute angioedema in this patient.
  • Clinicians should consider daptomycin as a potential cause of immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions, including angioedema, even with initial use.