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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

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Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model

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Cutaneous melanoma: A current overview.

Mark R Wick1

  • 1Division of Surgical Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Room 3020, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0214.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melanoma incidence is rising, presenting diagnostic challenges. This review covers epidemiology, diagnosis, histology, and prognosis for cutaneous melanoma.

Keywords:
Biological therapyMelanomaSentinel lymph node biopsySkin tumors

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cutaneous melanoma incidence is increasing globally.
  • The etiology of this rise remains largely unknown.
  • Accurate diagnosis of melanoma presents significant challenges for clinicians and pathologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts in cutaneous melanoma.
  • To consolidate information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic methods.
  • To discuss prognostic factors and adjunctive studies for melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current concepts in cutaneous melanoma.
  • Synthesis of information regarding epidemiology and clinical diagnosis.
  • Analysis of histologic findings and adjunctive diagnostic studies.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological trends indicate a rising frequency of cutaneous melanoma.
  • Clinical and histologic diagnosis requires careful evaluation.
  • Various adjunctive studies aid in melanoma diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding melanoma epidemiology is crucial for public health.
  • Standardized diagnostic criteria and adjunctive studies improve accuracy.
  • Prognostic assessment guides patient management and treatment strategies.