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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Purification of the Membrane Compartment for Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Exogenous Antigens in Cross-presentation
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Autoinflammation and HLA-B27: Beyond Antigen Presentation.

Cailin H Sibley1

  • 1a Department of Medicine, Division of Arthritis & Rheumatic Diseases , Oregon Health & Science University , Portland , Oregon , USA.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) associated disorders involve innate immunity, not just adaptive immunity. This review explores autoinflammation and innate immune system

Keywords:
AutoinflammationHLA-B27IL-1innatespondyloarthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • HLA-B27 associated disorders are inflammatory conditions linked to the HLA class I molecule, HLA-B27.
  • Traditionally viewed as adaptive immunity disorders, recent evidence suggests a more significant role for innate immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of autoinflammation.
  • To present evidence supporting a key role for innate immunity in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27 associated disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human and animal studies.
  • Discussion of the concept of autoinflammation.

Main Results:

  • Mounting data challenge the traditional adaptive immunity paradigm.
  • Innate immunity plays a more prominent role in pathogenesis than previously suspected.

Conclusions:

  • Autoinflammation is a key concept in understanding HLA-B27 associated disorders.
  • Innate immunity is central to the pathogenesis of these conditions.