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Related Concept Videos

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Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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The Availability Heuristic01:08

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A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Perceived Spaciousness and Preference in Sequential Experience.

Saleheh Bokharaei1, Jack L Nasar2

  • 1Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran s_bokharaee@sbu.ac.ir.

Human Factors
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Perceived spaciousness and preference are influenced by a space's size, lighting, window size, and furniture. Prior environment also impacts perception, affecting how larger or more desirable spaces are judged.

Keywords:
affective factorsarchitecturebuilt environmentdesignenvironmental designilluminationmethods and skillsphysical/ambient environmentpsychometricsscalingsimulation and virtual realitysocial processesvirtual environmentsworkspaceworkstation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental psychology
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Architectural design

Background:

  • Previous studies explored environmental attributes' effects on space perception.
  • The impact of these attributes on dynamic experience and preference remained underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess perceived spaciousness and preference for a destination space.
  • To investigate the influence of six attributes (size, lighting, window size, texture, wall mural, furniture) on space perception.
  • To examine the effect of the preceding space on the perception of the destination space.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized virtual reality (VR) to create 24 unique spatial experiences.
  • Participants (31 for spaciousness, 30 for preference) rated destination spaces after VR walks.
  • Employed 2x2 repeated-measure ANOVAs to analyze spaciousness and preference ratings.

Main Results:

  • Larger size, brighter lighting, bigger windows, and less furniture increased perceived spaciousness and preference.
  • Perception was influenced by adaptation-level theory, with prior spaces affecting judgments.
  • Spaces preceded by smaller, dimmer environments or smaller windows were rated higher.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived spaciousness and preference are significantly affected by intrinsic space attributes.
  • The characteristics of the previously experienced space play a crucial role in shaping perception.
  • Findings offer practical insights for designers aiming to optimize spatial experiences.