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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...

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Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Water at Interfaces.

Olle Björneholm¹, Martin H Hansen^2,3, Andrew Hodgson⁴

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.

Chemical Reviews

|May 28, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Aqueous interfaces, crucial for technology and the environment, are explored. This review covers recent advances in understanding water and solution interfaces, highlighting open questions.

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Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Environmental Science
Materials Science

Background:

Aqueous interfaces are fundamental to numerous technological applications and environmental processes.
Examples include water films on surfaces, liquid/solid interfaces in electrochemistry, and liquid/vapor interfaces governing gas exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent experimental and theoretical advancements in understanding aqueous interfaces.
To identify and discuss current knowledge gaps and open questions in the field.

Main Methods:

Review of recent experimental techniques for studying aqueous interfaces.
Analysis of theoretical and computational approaches to aqueous interface properties.

Main Results:

Summarizes key findings from recent research on aqueous interface properties.
Highlights progress in understanding phenomena like ultrathin water films and interfacial reactions.

Conclusions:

Significant progress has been made in characterizing aqueous interfaces.
Further research is needed to address remaining complexities and unknowns in aqueous interfacial science.