Lichen Sclerosus-Presentation, Diagnosis and Management

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Inflammatory skin conditions

Background:

• Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin disease.
• It is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated.
• Untreated lichen sclerosus increases scarring and genital cancer risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current knowledge on lichen sclerosus diagnosis and treatment.
• To emphasize the importance of early intervention.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of articles up to October 2015.
• Searches in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library.
• Inclusion of the European S3 guideline for lichen sclerosus.

Main Results:

• Lichen sclerosus primarily affects the anogenital area but can generalize.
• It is more common in women and adults; 10% have a family history.
• Symptoms include itching, pain, erythema, white changes, and fissures.
• First-line treatment involves potent topical corticosteroids; circumcision may be indicated for males.

Conclusions:

• Suspicion of lichen sclerosus should arise from anogenital itching and specific clinical features.
• Diagnosis requires confirmation via skin biopsy.
• Early and comprehensive treatment is crucial to avert disfigurement and lower cancer risk.